In the modern periodic table, the elements are arranged accordingly with the increasing no. of atomic number (no. of protons) from first hydrogen to the 118th element.This periodic table reveals many properties of elements periodically.The basic periodical properties, that we can gain from this table are as follows.
1) Size of the atom.
2) Atomic radii
3) Ionization potential
4) Electro negativity and
Download periodic table software. 5) Electron affinity
Size of the atom:
In the periodic table the size of the atom decreaes from left to right, and increases from top to bottom.It is a periodical one and there may be some breakage.
The size of an atom is inversely proportional to the effective nuclear charge.
Why it is?
The effective nuclear charge represents the electrostatic force of attraction between the protons and electrons.If the force between them is higher, i.e. effective nuclear charge is higher then they become more compact leading to decrease in size.
Ok.. then from top to bottom, why it increses?
You can see in the table that from left to right the principal quantum no. of the atom is same.For instance Li lithium has the value 1,2 and the same Ne neon has.But in case of moving from top to bottom the principal quantum no. increases constantly by one.This is the answer for the above question.
Atomic radii:
The atomic radii is directly proportional to size of the atom.
The radius of larger circle will be greater than the smaller one.Similarly the radius of large sized atom will greater than the smaller.
